Gender And Sexuality As A Category For Historical Analysis

For years, many scholars have provided many discussions over the topic of gender and sexuality. However, one needs to ask themselves: Are these two topics, gender and sexuality, useful as a category for historical analysis? The articles written by both Joan W. Scott and Afsaneh Najmabadi, answer such a question. By critically examining and assessing their two article, can the usefulness of gender and sexuality as a category for historical analysis be proven. In â€Å"Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis,† Joan W. Scott provides many angles to explore the relevancy of gender. The first thing that needs to be examined is her argument. The main argument that Joan W. Scott is trying to make is how beneficial to history using gender as a category for analysis would turn out. Another factor that needs to be made in assessing her article is how she presents her argument and findings. Scott formats her article with a beginning, middle, and end. She begins by defining â€Å"gender,† and how that term has been used in general. She goes on to describe some of the theories that have analyzed gender. The next part that she explains is how, of late, politics has been coincided with the analysis of gender. Finally, she ends her paper by providing her bottom-line opinion about the analysis and approach of gender. Now with the structure of her paper in mind, the next important assessment is in the sources she uses. The sources that Joan Scott utilizes in her argument are mostlyShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Identity1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn light of performativity, political transformation via hegemonic cultural practices continues to advocate for gender parody. Overall, the recent exploration of alterity ethics complements performativity politics by exploiting the subversive potential of gender identity as well as female identity. 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Essay on Hcs 320 Communication Methods - 1079 Words

Health Care Communication Methods HCS 320 7/15/2013 Robert Clegg Health Care Communication Methods As the communication coordinator for this national drug manufacturer, we will need to address the issue at hand and figure out the best way to handle the negative publicity one of our medications has caused. Unfortunately, the local news is already making things more difficult for us by alleging that a well-known public figure is among those suffering adverse effects from this medication. We will need to decide how to properly address the public that will ensure no loss in business or investors. In this meeting, we will need to determine the best communication tactic to get this situation under control. Our first option would be†¦show more content†¦Now in looking at electronic or social media we have many choices. Facebook or our company website would be two options. However any electronic or social media would have advantages and disadvantages. 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TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN WELLBING AT WORK AND PERFORMANCE Free Essays

string(148) " sentiment study of a peculiar group of employees working for the authorities may non be able to stand for the positions of all types of employees\." Abstraction: The intent of this academic essay is to reexamine the research work under the rubric ‘Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation ‘ by the erudite scholar Nicole Renee Baptiste with the purpose to take the academic treatment further. The research work is good presented and rich in footings of cognition, grounds and recommendations. The subject of research is a modern-day issue of great significance, peculiarly in this clip of economic downswing. We will write a custom essay sample on TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN WELLBING AT WORK AND PERFORMANCE or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sum-total of organisational success reflects on the economic growing at the national degree and that is why effectual and efficient organisational operation, be it in the public sector or private subdivision, has ever been on the top of the docket of the policy shapers and organisational leaders. In add-on, organisational success depends to a big portion on the well-being of the employees. In other words, a happy work force leads to better concern public presentation – is the subject under reappraisal. Introduction: ‘Life anticipation and Numberss in employment are higher than of all time before, yet around 175 million on the job yearss were lost to illness in 2006 ( Dame Carol Black ‘s Review of the wellness of Britain ‘s working population ‘Working for a healthier tomorrow ‘ presented to the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, 17 March 2008. The policy shapers are in the procedure of reexamining work topographic point patterns in relation to well-being and promoting thoughts to better concern public presentation to be competitory in the planetary market that signifies the importance to wellbeing every bit justly depicted by the writer. In order to foster the academic treatment, the undermentioned points will be analyzed: The rubric of the research work: Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation. The impression of HRM as suggested on Page 2 of the research work. Performance Recent HR Concepts, e.g. , employee battle The job of such probe: how to divide well-being as a variable as a contributory factor to public presentation ‘HRM patterns ‘ on page 3 of the research paper. The HRM Practices – Employee voice – †¦ †¦ †¦ ‘and it is considered indispensable that workers have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently†¦ . ‘ Page 3 of the article may be problematic. Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements of Wellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate. In the Data Collection procedure male, female, age, length of service, type of business, making – all the elements were taken in into consideration but point has no reference, which is Ethnicity, which is unfastened to debate. Different ethical background may hold different perceptual experience of well-being. From a reading of the article under reappraisal, it seems the article is normative taking to prescriptive recommended policies which reflect a kind of theoretical account, the look used to analyse HR by Mike Noon, Re-assessing Human Resource Management, edited by Paul Blyton and Peter Turnbull, Sage Publications, 1996, page 16. Literature Reappraisal: Employee wellbeing as a construct to better organisational public presentation from the position of HR practician can be traced to the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 as authorities legislative intercession placed a responsibility of attention upon employers. ‘Employers have a legal responsibility under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 ( HSWA 1974 ) to guarantee, so far as is moderately operable, the wellness, safety and public assistance at work of their employees. ( HSWA 1974, s 2 ( 1 ) . The term used by the authorities has been welfare instead than wellbeing, which may bear the same significance except well-being, seems to be much broader in range. The writer takes the position that HRM is a unitary system of direction – which is a remarkable indorsement of managerial positions, is besides unfastened to debate. Today ‘s HR is really much based on common consent in about every facet of employer-employee relationship which may be in a redundancy state of affairs, enlisting and choice, subject, trade brotherhood dialogue et cetera. What makes the survey of HR hard is ‘the multiplicity of variable ‘ Charles Handy, Understanding Organizations, 4th edition, 1999, Penguin Books Reappraisal: Summary of the inquiries: The rubric of the research work: Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation. The impression of HRM as suggested on Page 2 of the research work. Performance Recent HR Concepts, e.g. , employee battle The job of such probe: how to divide well-being as a variable as a contributory factor to public presentation ‘HRM patterns ‘ on page 3 of the research paper. The HRM Practices – Employee voice – †¦ †¦ †¦ ‘and it is considered indispensable that workers have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently†¦ . ‘ Page 3 of the article may be problematic. Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements of Wellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate. In the Data Collection procedure male, female, age, length of service, type of business, making – all the elements were taken in into consideration but point has no reference, which is Ethnicity, which is unfastened to debate. Different ethical background may hold different perceptual experience of well-being. Appraisal The first issue which comes to mind as a referee is the rubric of the research paper ‘Tightening the nexus between employee wellbeing at work and public presentation. ‘ Harmonizing to the rubric, the writer does non stipulate which type of organisation is the article for, whether it is for the private sector or public sector or charity organisation, SMEs et cetera. If it assumed that the research paper is intended for all types of organisations, so the job is: the empirical analysis in local authorities in North England or an sentiment study of a peculiar group of employees working for the authorities may non be able to stand for the positions of all types of employees. You read "TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN WELLBING AT WORK AND PERFORMANCE" in category "Essay examples" Percept on wellbeing differ from organisation to organisation. Aims and aims and public presentation are non the same or similar. In 1961, Burns and Stalker ( Mullins, L.J. ( 2005 ) . Management and Organization completed a survey of 20 UK fabrication houses to find the types of construction that existed. Finding concluded that two fundamentally contrasting signifiers existed – mechanistic and organic. Mechanistic Structures: Have a stiff construction Operate in stable environments Have undertakings that are specialized and functionally differentiated Have a hierarchal construction in which control and authorization predominate. # Organic Structures: Have fluid constructions that are more antiphonal to alter Operate in more turbulent/constantly altering environments Have undertakings that change on a regular basis with the concern Have an environment where cognition is spread throughout the organisation What has construction of an organisation got to make with wellbeing? To some extent, construction plays a really of import function in the makeup of the organisational personality which is the sum-total of the employees, direction manner, civilization of the organisation, type of employees recruited and selected, outlooks, industrial dealingss and the external environment T in which the organisation operates. All these factors may take to a perceptual difference in which well-being is viewed. Public or authorities sections are to some extent or similar to Mechanistic constructions where employees seem content with occupation stableness ( even the authorities sections are holding to confront up to recession ) – which means the wellbeing bundle from the perceptual experience of the contented employees may be different. This is an premise and at this minute of clip, no empirical grounds can be provided. On the other manus, private organisations and SMEs, charity organisations have another mentality in relation to well-being because, external force per unit area of competition, the competitory nature in order to last and prolong, public presentation related in footings of finance and net income – all seem to propose, that wellbeing is approached from a more fiscal position like immense wages taken by the organisation leaders which has come under onslaught by the populace and media late. At this minute, no empirical grounds can be provided to back up the above mentioned premises. On page 3 of the research work, the writer has to some extent equated Employee Voice with Grievance by the statement ‘ †¦ †¦ †¦ have the chance to show their grudges openly and independently, †¦ †¦ †¦ ..’Grievance is non the same as raising an issue. Employee voice is about engagement, battle, audiences and discoursing issues related to work without fright. To utilize the phrase ‘Grievance ‘ seems inappropriate. The impression of HRM Harmonizing to the writer ‘HRM will be defined as a set of patterns used to pull off the work force of an organisation, that is recruitment and choice, preparation and development, worker engagement, wage and wagess, flexibleness, engagement in decision-making, communications and employee public assistance. ‘ If the position of the writer is taken that HRM is a set of patterns, which means it is a map or managerial tool to work out managerial jobs, so the inquiry no theory is required to back up premises or no empirical grounds is required to back up premises. There is still a batch of argument about the true nature of HRM from the academic position, practicians view point and besides, from the position point of educationists who teach this subject. Harmonizing to Torrington et at. , ( 2005 ) , define HRM as, ‘Resource centered, directed chiefly at direction ‘s demands for HR ( non needfully employees ) to be provided and deployed. Demand instead than supply is the focal point on the activity. There is greater accent on planning, monitoring and control instead than mediation. Problem-solving is undertaken with other members of the direction on HR issues instead than straight with employees or their representatives. ‘ This definition is besides similar to the writer which focuses on Practice. Harmonizing to bookmans like Guest, it is more than merely a set of pattern – the subject has good tested theoretical accounts and theories which provide the decisions with more authorization which is why empirical grounds is provided to back up findings. Performance is another issue which requires elucidation. The writer does non truly stipulate when covering with public presentation as to which public presentation is being referred to: Organizational public presentation HR public presentation Employee public presentation Wellbeing is related to public presentation but which public presentation. If well-being is related to organisational public presentation, so wellbeing demands to be separated from the remainder of the other variables which is hard to make. Compartmentalizing Wellbeing, if possible, may take to different decisions. Wellbeing will so be examined against the organisational public presentation indexs and see how wellbeing contributes to the overall public presentation of the organisation. In these times when the traveling gets tough, employees try to set on their best show, merely to be in occupations. Performance additions as times get tough ( People Management, published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, July issues, 2009 ) . Wellbeing non needfully leads to better public presentation. But without a shadow of uncertainty, plays a important function taking to effectual public presentation. In a stable status, occupation security, committedness and work-family enterprises have been through empirical observation evidenced by the writer that wellbeing improves public presentation. It is agreed. But does the same clasp for in an unstable status where occupations are vanishing, people being made redundant, re-structuring return topographic point merely to salvage money, preparation is traveling through the Windowss due to shortage of financess, enlisting freezing in some industries – it is a affair of uncertainty. Committedness, Job Satisfaction and Work-life balance are the constitutional elements of Wellbeing. But the issue is: committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance are the result of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of wellbeing which may be unfastened to debate. This is another point seems to be unfastened to debate. A good well-being policy will take to greater committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance. By following a Cause and Effect analysis, it can be safely assumed that committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance is the terminal consequence or the consequence of a good well-being policy instead than being the component elements of well-being policy. From an HR practician ‘s point of position, well-being is made up of: Effective communicating ( ACAS ) ( 2005 ) Honesty ( from both the employers and employees ) An inspiring civilization Better footings and conditions of employment Better and competitory benefits in footings of fiscal and non-financial Competitive wages scheme Schemes like proviso for looking after the aged, immature kids or taking time-off for looking after the aged, immature kids or people with disablements which may necessitate to be farther examined and defined. Disability is a long term inauspicious status of a individual ( mental or physical ) which will adversely impact a individual ‘s work related public presentation. Better periphery benefits Secured pensions Et cetera These may be the constitutional elements of wellbeing. If decently executed or implemented, it may take to enhanced committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance. Critical Evaluation of Methodology The methodological analysis employed is the standard methodological analysis for analysis and the writer has taken into consideration all the elements necessary except one point – ethnicity. There seems to be no reference of ethnicity in the methodological analysis. From the cultural point of position, wellbeing possibly perceived otherwise by people coming from assorted cultural background. This is approximately diversified background. Peoples are different and may hold different sentiment on wellbeing. May be the empirical consequences would be the same, yet it is of import to understand wellbeing from different cultural backgrounds. Harmonizing to Professor Binna Kandola OBE in his latest book provinces ‘We are so witting of the demand to look just that we conceal our biass, sometimes even from ourselves ‘ take from People Management 30 July 2009, page figure 26. Hypothesis 1 Social relationships that exist between line directors and employees that are built on support and trust in direction from HRM patterns play an of import long-run function in the development of positive employee attitudes and behavior that constitute employee wellbeing at work and enhanced public presentation. Organizations that do non prosecute in these types of relationships will therefore perform worse in the long term than those that do non. The hypothesis is good founded, but in times of alteration, recession, ‘latest unemployment figures revealed that 7.1 per cent of the work force is now out of a occupation, the latest CIPD labor Market Outlook study, compiled by the professional services house KPMG ‘ People Management 21 May 2009, page7 the normative recommendations by the writer may non be compatible in today ‘s context.. Hypothesis 2 Organizations that promote and maintain committedness, occupation satisfaction and work-life balance ( wellbeing ) of their employees through the execution of high committedness, HRM patterns will profit most by superior organisational results and productiveness through set uping long-run relationships of support and trust with employees. Organizations that do non pay attending to employee wellbeing at work will hold in the long term to cover with the effects of less productive employees. The methodological analysis employed is compatible with the hypothesis. But the hypothesis seems to propose, a long term position, within which type of organisation is what needs to be established. Evidence to back up the decision is good founded. Statement of parts It needs to be acknowledged that the British Library and on line library has greatly facilitated the procedure of deriving cognition and using the cognition in the reappraisal. At the same clip, the counsel provided by the HR lector has besides enhanced the reappraisal accomplishments which has been applied and will be put to prove in all future research work. Besides, People Management published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development has provided the modern-day HR issues. Discussion and Decision From a reading of the scholarly work of Nicole Renee Baptiste, it is clear from the writers ‘ statement the well-being, the cardinal subject, is viewed as ‘People ‘s overall sense of felicity. ‘ In other words, what makes employees happy at work or why should employees wish to work for one company instead than another? What information influences employee ‘s determination to do that kind of pick? Harmonizing to the writer, HR patterns make the difference which is supported by the empirical probe and is besides endorsed by modern-day and direction gurus. But, from a practician ‘s point of position, HR Practices require more elucidation. HR PRACTICES It is the benefits which are seeable, attracts employees and it is the existent demands of the current and possible employees which may represent employee well-being and do employees experience happy to work for the organisation. This being the ground, employee perceptual experience on the constitutional elements of wellbeing may convey light a more practical attack to the subject of wellbeing and associate it to public presentation by good devised research methodological analysis. What makes the survey of HR interesting is all HR issues are linked to other maps and detaching HR from the other maps is hard. The brave effort by the writer is to foreground Wellbeing must be appreciated. In decision, wellbeing must and will mount up the ladder of HR docket which is witnessed by recent formation of the Institute of Wellbeing, ( People Management, August 2009 ) . Mentions: Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service ( ACAS ) ( 2005 ) Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. ‘Life anticipation and Numberss in employment are higher than of all time before, yet around 175 million on the job yearss were lost to illness in 2006 ( Dame Carol Black ‘s Review of the wellness of Britain ‘s working population ‘Working for a healthier tomorrow ‘ presented to the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, 17 March 2008. Mike Noon, Re-assessing Human Resource Management, edited by Paul Blyton and Peter Turnbull, Sage Publications, 1996, page 16. Mullins, L.J. ( 2005 ) . Management and Organizational Behaviour, 7th Edition. , FT Prentice Hall Peoples Management published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development ( all the diaries have been consulted from January 1 2009 boulder clay day of the month ) Peoples Management, January 2009 published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Peoples Management, 30 May 2009 published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Peoples Management 30 July 2009 and August published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Personnel Manager, Law Pack Publishing, 2005 Monetary value, A. ( 2004 ) . Human Resource Management in a Business Context, 2nd Edition, Thomson Learning Torrington, D. , Hall, L. and Taylor, S ( 2005 ) Human Resource Management, 6th Edition. , FT Prentice Hall How to cite TIGHTENING THE LINK BETWEEN WELLBING AT WORK AND PERFORMANCE, Essay examples

Lin Article Critique free essay sample

However, when splitting the forty patients into two treatment groups, the clients were split randomly. This places twenty participants in each subgroup. Pyrczak (2008) suggests that number of participants can be so small that generalizing would be inappropriate. At the conclusion of the study caution was given to the small sample size provided, but it was noted that â€Å"the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Lin et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Article Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page , 2004). This indicates that a generalization was drawn from the target group of residential drug rehabilitation clients and was not drawn from a diverse source. Some participant dropped out of the study resulting in a 35% completion rate (Lin et al. , 2004). This low rate does effect generalizing the findings of the study. The participants were similar on relevant variables in that all of the patients were diagnosed with a mental disorder, had a history of a chronic addiction, a poor response to treatment and relapse, legal issue related to addiction and little motivation to change (Lin et al. 2004). Critique of Procedures The procedures followed in acquiring participants in this study initially were not chosen at random. The forty-three patients selected for the study were from a residential drug treatment center that had specific criteria preferred by the researchers. However, when the patients were separated into treatment groups, â€Å"they were randomly assigned to FT or ADC† (Linn et al. , 2004). The treatments described in this study are sufficiently explained in detail. The researchers describe ADC, alcohol and drug counseling as a common treatment plan for substance abuse. The article is written in more descriptive detail about forgiveness therapy for the reason that its effectiveness is being tested. The treatments were administered by a therapist trained in both FT and ADC therapy with more than twenty years of therapeutic counseling experience. The treatments that were administered were monitored by taping the therapy sessions with a member of the team arbitrarily selecting the tapings for review of â€Å"consistency between expected and delivered treatments† (Linn et al. 2004). The same therapist conducted all the therapy sessions so that the personal effect is eliminated as a factor from this study. The therapist used the same methodology in both types of treatment programs. The setting for the experiment was a natural setting in the sense that it was not conducted in a laboratory. The therapy sessions took place within the current living environment of the rehabilitation residential facility. The researcher considered attrition in this study stating that, â€Å"given the high levels of mobility and chaos that characterize the lives of this client population, this dropout rate is not unusual. However, the sample size was more than sufficient to detect meaningful statistical differences, a major goal of all treatment studies† (Linn et al. , 2004). Critique of Instrumentation The evaluating instruments for the research did not include actual items in the research, but did explain in great detail the description of each instrument. The researchers also included research that supported validity of each assessment. Specialized formatting and detail was used when the instruments were administered in random order and the response format was provided. Restrictions were placed upon the research when the patience were initially chosen with the three dispositions of a chronic addiction with relapse, psychiatric diagnoses, poor response to treatment with low motivation to change, and legal issues dealing with substance abuse (Linn et al. , 2004). Multiple methods are used to collect information on each variable within this research. The EFI, BDI-II, CSEI, STAI, SSTAEI and vulnerability to drug use scale were used to obtain data on each patient and use for statistical analysis (Linn et al. , 2004). The researchers provided sources and well researched information for each published instrument. The self-report assessments were not administered anonymously, therefore, there is some reason of doubt that information obtained from patients could have been influenced by â€Å"social desirability or response-style biases† (Linn et al. , 2004). This researcher believes steps were taken to keep the instrumentation from influencing any overt behaviors due to the fact that all patients were exposed to the same therapist as a constant, expected occurrence, causing little deviation from the expected schedule. Lin Article Critique free essay sample In the article Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood, and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substance-dependent clients (Lin, Mack, Enright, Krahn, Basking, 2004), anger is the greatest deterrent for relapse in individuals who are trying to overcome substance-abuse addictions. A new approach to anger, forgiveness therapy, posits that resentment and its accompanying anger are often justifiable responses to severe wrongs (Lin et al. 2004, p. 1115). Forgiveness when iven and received, allows for hope to be restored in human kindness. Jesus tells to forgive as He has forgiven, from the heart, Repent, then, and turn to God so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord (Acts 3:19, NIV), the times of refreshing for an addict are so precious, this is why forgiveness is crucial to their recovery. Participants from a residential treatment facility were chosen and randomly assigned to one of two groups: forgiveness therapy or alcohol/d rug counseling. We will write a custom essay sample on Lin Article Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The study consisted of twelve individual therapy sessions for each group and administered by the same therapist (Lin et al. 2004). The aim of the study was to test the two groups and determine if anger, depression, anxiety and vulnerability would decrease as a result of the individual therapies. Participants, six for forgiveness therapy and four for alcohol/drug counseling, attended a four-month follow-up to which there was a significant difference in the two groups. The forgiveness therapy group showed a substantial decrease in alcohol/drug vulnerabilities, where as alcohol/drug counseling remained about the same. The reason, researchers suggest is that torgiveness therapy did not tocus on drug vulnerabilities, but centered on the lients thoughts, behaviors and feelings about someone other than themselves (Lin 1119). Title critique The title helps identify if the article is relevant to the persons research topic or of one that will prove to spark their interest. Several questions can be used in evaluating a title in determining whether the content is one of pursuing (Pyrczak, 1. Is the title sufficiently specific? Yes. Scale rating of 4. 2008). The title clearly states the objects in this study, which are the effects of forgiveness therapy among substance-dependent clients. 2. Is the title reasonably concise? Somewhat. Scale rating of 2. According to Pyrczak (2008), the title should be about fifteen words or less, this title contains seventeen words. The words mood and substance-dependent clients could have been eliminated because they are somewhat redundant. The title could have instead read, Effects of forgiveness therapy for addictive clients focusing on anger and vulnerability to substance use. . Does the title identify the types of individuals who participated? Yes. Scale rating of 5. The title refers to substance-dependent clients who did participate in the study. 4. If a study is strongly tied to a theory, is the name of the specific theory mentioned n the title? Yes. Scale rating of 5. The forgiveness therapy was used for this study is also listed in the title. 5. Has the author avoided describing results in the tit le? Yes. Scale rating of 5. None of the results are described in the title. Pyrczak (2008) states that the results of the study are often scrutinized for more than one explanation of the research findings. 6. Has the author avoided using a yes-rd question in the title? Yes. Rating Scale of 5. No question appears in the title of this article. 7. If the title implies causality, does the method of research Justify it? Yes. Rating Scale of 4. The title implies that anger and mood could be related to vulnerability of substance abuse and the research looks at forgiveness therapy and the effects this type of therapy has on substance-dependent clients. Abstract Critique The abstract of a research article is the summary paragraph used to summarize they key findings and explorations used for a particular article. Abstracts helps to identify if the article is relevant in terms of interest to the reader. Some Journals require a maximum word count where 100 to 250 words are common (Pyrczak, 2008). 1. Is the purpose of the study referred to or at least clearly implied? Yes. Rating Scale of 5. The first sentence in the abstract states, Anger and related emotions have been identified as triggers in substance abuse (Lin et al. 2004). The next sentence mentions forgiveness therapy and the participants related to this study. 2. Does the abstract mention highlights of the research methodology? Yes. Rating Scale of 4. Pyrczak (2008) states that, small samples are important methodology characteristics that might set this study apart from others on the same topic (p. 24). This abstract does give the sample size and a description of the methods th at were used. . If the study is strongly tied to a theory, is the theory mentioned in the abstract? Yes. Rating Scale ot 5 The abstract clearly states that forgiveness therapy was used in this study and offer slight insight to the results of this particular theory. 4. Overall is the abstract effective and appropriate? Yes. Rating Scale of 4. The abstract does mention the purpose, method and results of this study. Literature Review Critique A literature review is the process of examining published studies for topics that are relevant to the area of intended study Oackson, 2012). Critiquing literature eviews involves examining the introduction for the literature cited for the actual study. There are five purposes for literature review: (a) to introduce the problem area, (b) establish its importance, (c) provide an overview of relevant literature, (d) show how the current stud will advance knowledge in the area and (e) describe the researchers specific research questions, purpose, or hypotheses (Pyrczak, 2008, p. 1. Does the researcher begin by identifying a specific problem area? Yes. 33). The first sentence of the introduction speaks of anger and the use of alcohol and other substances. 2. Does the researcher establish the importance of the problem area? Yes, Rating Scale of 5. The introduction offers information from previous studies involving anger and alcohol/substance dependence as well as statistics related to relapses that were caused by anger. 3. Does the introduction move from topic to topic instead of from citation to citation? Somewhat. Rating Scale 3. The main theme of the introduction is mainly on anger and forgiveness therapy. It lists anger in relationship to resentment, frustration, anxiety, violence, and basic emotions, which are a result of anger. The approach of the introduction could have ocused on anger, to substance abuse caused by anger and the different techniques that are describe within the body of the paper. 4. Has the researcher cited sources for factual statements? Yes. Rating Scale 4. The researcher did cite factual statements in the introduction using several inventories and manuals such as: State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, The Project Match 12 Step Manual, Cognitive-behavioral Coping Skills Manual, Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy Manual, and Relapse Research and the Reasons for Drinking Questionnaire (Lin et al. 2004). 5. Has the researcher avoided citing a large umber of resources for a single point? No. Rating Scale of 1. The introduction of this article gives approximately nine citations of research related to anger, approximately thirteen citations for forgiveness therapy and approximately five citations for substance abuse. Pyrczak (2008) does state that more than 6 citations for a single point are o ften found inappropriate. 6. Is current research cited? Yes and No. Rating Scale of 2. The current research listed in the introduction of this article is roughly nine citations between the years of 2000 2004, where as the other citations range from 1985 1999 and are of the majority. . Has the researcher noted any gaps in the literature? Yes. Rating Scale of 4. The research does note that the cognitive-behavioral therapy literature offers recommendations to alcoholics regarding their anger, delaying responses and to learn assertive skills over aggressive behavior states, there are few data documenting the efficacy ot this approach (Lin et al. 2 8. Has the researcher avoided the overuse of direct quotations from the literature? Yes. Rating The introduction uses only three quotations from the approximate count of twenty-seven citations used in the introduction section of this article. Research Questions Critique The last paragraph of the introduction usually contains the research questions and/or hypotheses for the purpose of writing the article. 1. What is the research wondering about? The research is questioning if substance-dependent patients would benefit from forgiveness therapy. Would they show less anger, depression, anxiety and vulnerability to substance abuse? 2. Is the research hypotheses clearly stated? The hypotheses for this study are individuals in residential treatment for alcohol and drug dependence, after receiving treatment augmented by forgiveness therapy r alcohol/drug counseling would demonstrate less anger. 3. Do these flow clearly from the literature review? Yes, the hypothesis does flow from the information in literature review. The literature review looks at anger in association with substance abuse participants. 4. Is the design appropriate to investigate the hypotheses? To test the design, researchers used randomly assigned participants who were clients that resided at a treatment facility that were assigned to either forgiveness therapy or alcohol/drug counseling as an augmentation of the routine residential treatment.

Theres a New Master in the House

THERES A NEW MASTER IN THE HOUSE Earlier this year, our owner Wintress Odom was awarded with Copyblogger’s Certified Content Marketer-Master level designation. This certification was awarded after completing advanced coursework on online content strategy, then submitting three pieces of content for the Copyblogger editorial team to review. The Certified Content Marketer designation is only given to people who demonstrate an ability to create content at a professional level.   After reviewing samples of submitted work, the Copyblogger editorial team determined that it was good enough to be selected for Master level status.   The Master Content Marketer designation is reserved for a small number of applicants to the program, and only those who prove that they have expert-level knowledge of marketing strategy combined with a capable and professional writing voice.

How Foreign Direct Investment Affects the Economy

How Foreign Direct Investment Affects the Economy According to the International Monetary Fund, foreign direct investment, commonly known as FDI, ... refers to an investment made to acquire lasting or long-term interest in enterprises operating outside of the economy of the investor. The investment is direct because the investor, which could be a foreign person, company or group of entities, is seeking to control, manage, or have significant influence over the foreign enterprise. Why Is FDI Important? FDI is a major source of external finance which means that countries with limited amounts of capital can receive finance beyond national borders from wealthier countries. Exports and FDI have been the two key ingredients in Chinas rapid economic growth. According to the World Bank, FDI and small business growth are the two critical elements in developing the private sector in lower-income economies and reducing poverty. The US and FDI Because the US is the worlds largest economy, it is a target for foreign investment AND a large investor. Americas companies invest in companies and projects all over the world. Even though the US economy has been in recession, the US is still a relatively safe haven for investment. Enterprises from other countries invested $260.4 billion dollars in the US in 2008 according to the Department of Commerce. However, the US is not immune to global economic trends, FDI for the first quarter of 2009 was 42% lower than the same period in 2008. US Policy and FDI The US tends to be open to foreign investment from other countries. In the 1970s and 1980s, there were short-lived fears that the Japanese were buying America based on the strength of the Japanese economy and the purchase of American landmarks such as Rockefeller Center in New York City by Japanese companies. At the height of the spike in oil prices in 2007 and 2008, some wondered if Russia and the oil-rich nations of the Middle East would buy America. There are strategic sectors which the US Government does protect from foreign buyers. In 2006, DP World, a company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, bought the UK-based firm managing many of the major seaports in the United States. Once the sale went through, a company from an Arab state, albeit a modern state, would be responsible for port security in major American ports. The Bush Administration approved the sale. Senator Charles Schumer of New York led Congress to try to block the transfer because many in Congress felt that port security should not be in the hands of DP World. With a growing controversy, DP World ultimately sold their US port assets to AIGs Global Investment Group. On the other side, the US Government encourages American companies to invest overseas and establish new markets to help create jobs back home in America. US investment is generally welcome because countries seek capital and new jobs. In rare circumstances, a country will reject a foreign investment for fears of economic imperialism or undue influence. Foreign investment becomes a more contentious issue when American jobs are outsourced to international locations. Outsourcing of jobs was an issue in the 2004, 2008, and 2016Â  Presidential Elections.

How students use social media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How students use social media - Assignment Example According to the research carried out by Lenhart et al. (2010), people between 18 and 29 years of age account for 57 per cent of the total population of users of the social networks and maintain personal profiles on a range of social media websites. Pempek, Yermolayeva, and Calvert (2009) noted that although the amount of time spent by the users on social networking websites varied considerably, yet a vast majority of the users spend up to half an hour a day socializing on the social networking sites mostly from 9 p.m. to 12 a.m whereas students spend 47 minutes a day on the Facebook on average. More than half of the total population of students in colleges visits social networking sites numerously in a day (Sheldon, 2008). Types of social media commonly used by the students include but are not limited to blogs, chats on Twitter and Facebook, social networks, wikis, podcasts, videos, photo sharing on sites like Flickr, and gamification. A blog is a webpage or website that can easily be updated. Authors of blogs write regular entries in the format of a diary. The most interesting and effective blogs provide the students with an opportunity to engage in conversations with the bloggers as well as other readers who have commented on the blogs. Microblogging, as the name implies, is the process of writing very brief blog posts, that are sort of text messages. Presently, the most popular service of microblogging is provided by Twitter that provides the students with the opportunity to post the entries as long as 140 characters. Using Twitter, students can not only read their messages online but also can send their posts as text messages to one another’s mobiles. Social networking websites like Faceboo k serve as platforms using which the students can connect with one another and engage in different kinds of activities both academic and otherwise. Facebook and MySpace

Effective and efficient use of physical resources in line with Essay

Effective and efficient use of physical resources in line with organizational policies and procedures - Essay Example These possessions call for maintenance to make Aerospace sub-contractors do well in every of their actions and roles (Sicker, 2008 P 206). This also includes assuring security in the employment surroundings and making sure all the apparatus and plant work well and is in solid state. Buildings The Aerospace sub-contractors has resources such as different buildings and facilities for instance they have workplace structures to make certain they appear respectable and expert, their workplace possessions have a contemporary look by a respectable arrival and aerospace sub-contractors . The Aerospace Sub-contractors Company has built-up buildings such as factories to make sure that the company’s items or supply are created to finest value and that the workers are in a safe working atmosphere; it does not have to be well turned-out to the clients because no one but the workforce and employers are certified to stopover the place. The structure is used for machinery use, which is highly developed and supports the personnel. Warehouses Aerospace sub-contractors also have warehouses to maintain their merchandise in a protected site for research to be delivered to clients, the warehouses more often than not deliver substantial hypermarket stores such as; Tesco and Sainsbury's in England since they instruct a lot of the stockpile and add to Aerospace sub-contractors 's income. The warehouses are typically extremely hefty, high stockpile rooms with a lot of capacity, which helps the business use up their amenities intelligently, not wasting assets and funds. The administration also has shops to trade and endorse their Aerospace sub-contractors commodities; also, so that their merchandise could be purchased at any confined outlet for all people the company is aiming to reach. These branches appear well turned-out and friendly for clients to visit and purchase Aerospace sub-contractors products. Museums and education Museums and education centres are as well a component of the Aerospace sub-contractors amenities and buildings to aid the corporation grow and arrive at recognition, they furthermore help the Aerospace sub-contractors audiences gain knowledge of the history and the voyage of Aerospace sub-contractors’s achievements and accomplishment (Ronald, 2002 P. 400). The museums and education centres have to appear respectable and reveal on the Aerospace sub-contractors’s business, also demonstrate understanding about the entire Aerospace sub-contractors business to give surety people they have entered the place to gain knowledge of the company, so they have to encompass diverse show rooms and displays in corridors and foyers. Machinery and plant As Aerospace sub-contractors have assured buildings and apparatus resources, they also contain certain needs of a kind of both plant and machinery. Plant; referring to having a detailed position for manufacturing Aerospace sub-contractors’s produce (where a business or manufacturing procedure takes place) for instance a plant where Aerospace sub-contractors produce their manufactured goods such as rivets, nuts /bolts washers, types of glues, lubricants and depressants, welding gases, welding filler wire, fluxes. Having machinery also saves Aerospace sub-contractors capital and time which means they end up earning more funds. This is because fewer personnel are required and more job share completed at once by a machine, not like a worker, machinery may also be supplementary harmless because it is planned to execute a task on the certain product with negligible support required. Aerospace sub-contractors use up a lot of currency for their factories and immense machinery, but it comes to a vast result and revenue for the company (Air Force, 2003 P

Mary Tudor and Lady Jane Grey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mary Tudor and Lady Jane Grey - Essay Example All of these factors lead both Mary Tudor and Lady Jane Grey to the throne. At the time of Lady Jane Grey’s ascension to the throne for a mere nine days, she was not the only one with a claim to the throne. Her older sister, Margaret, had married James IV of Scotland which would make their children more of a direct line to the Tudor throne. However, Mary Tudor was a direct descendant of Henry VIII. If a woman was to become queen of all of England, Mary had more right than Lady Jane Grey. This would have been true if Henry the VIII had not declared her a bastard due to an annulled marriage with his first wife. So neither woman had a strong claim to the throne, but both became queen. The religious tumult of the time combined into the politics to make both Lady Jane Grey and Mary Tudor queen. Lady Jane Grey, along with Henry VIII’s successor, Edward VI favored the Protestant movement. Mary was a staunch Catholic. This made Protestant supporters favor Lady Jane, and Catholic supporters favored Mary. It was not a matter of the right or claim to throne at the time, but of which religion the English population favored. Lady Jane was more of a pawn of her father and brothers than Mary. She was more of a figurehead. For a region that had been Catholic for centuries, Protestants were seen as heretics. During the examination of Anne Askew, a Protestant, the following exchange occurred: Then took he my book out of my hand and said, ‘Such books as this hath brought you to the trouble you are in. Beware,’ sayeth he, ‘beware, for he that made this book and was the author thereof was an heretic, I warrant you, and burnt in Smithfield.’ (Greenblatt et al)1 Mary Tudor had two reasons for wanting to be queen. The first would be the enforcement of the Catholic religion. The second reason was to prove her birth was legitimate. This second reason supported the first. If Henry VIII had acted illegally

Why Is Paper Recycling Important Environmental Sciences Essay

Why Is Paper Recycling Important Environmental Sciences Essay The large amount of paper waste being generated in the past years has really being a great concern to the society, the disposal and treatment process involved in paper waste had being on the increase, Richard A. Venditti (1992) said 37% by weight of Municipal Solid waste are being generated are gotten from paper, but as at Due to this large amount of the paper waste being produced by homes, industries and office, recycling of the paper waste technology has help in the reduction of the total amount of waste being put in the landfill and also help in the reduction of high dependence of raw materials for paper production from plants(vegetable fibers) which in turns help in the reduction of the way tress are being cut for paper production thereby preserving our environment and also reduces energy use and CO2 and Methane emission compaired to the normal production procress from plants The recycling of paper waste which majorly gets it raw materials from: Mill broke ( paper scrap from paper production), Pre consumer waste ( paper being discarded before usage by consumers) and post consumer waste(paper being discarded after use), has helped in the reduction of deforestation. Due to the source of raw material for paper being produced by recycling there is high dependence of paper being produced from recycling paper, Paper online said that 90% newspaper are printed on recycle paper,90% corrugated boxes are made from recycle fiber and 54% of fibres which are being used in new paper and board are gotten from recycled paper Europe has being the leading recycling of paper in the world, studies has shown that more than 60 tonnes of paper of paper are being collected per year and still on the increase which has exceed 60%of the paper consumed since 2005 (Paper online) Paper Recycling is mainly the processing of waste paper into new paper product. Waste paper, which are majorly gotten for offices, homes and industries are being taken to the recycle bank by local authorises and then collected and processed into paper related product. Recycling of waste paper has affected the environment in a positive way by the reduction in the dependence of plant for raw materials for paper production which is vegetable fibers gotten from plants. Recycling of waste paper gets its raw materials from three catergories,   Mill broke (paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the manufacture of paper, and is recycled internally in a paper mill),   Pre-consumer waste(is material which left the paper mill, which has been discarded before it was ready for consumer use) and   Post-consumer waste (waste is material discarded after consumer use, such as old magazines, old newspapers, office waste, old telephone directories, and residential mixed paper) Debunking the M yths of Recycled Paper Pre recycling Technology involved in paper recycling The technology involved in paper recycling involves majorly five step after collection of waste from the waste bank. The Seven steps which are, Pick up form home offices and business, Sorting to remove contaminants, Re-pulping which invovles blending of d sorting with water and chemicals, Filtering to remove scraps and impurites, De-Inking by use of soapy chemicals, Draining of the water, Drying by the use of heat and Rolling and Packing of the produced paper. I will be looking at each of this steps individually in my report. Pick up General waste from Homes, officesRecycling actually starts from our homes, offices and business, where we separate the type of waste to be disposed by putting them in specific disposal bags and bins ready for collection. The waste bin (the recyclable bin) which has the paper content inside are being collected by local collection agents and then transported to the recycle bank where it is being sorted out and read for recycling Paper Recycling Recycle Bank Recyclable waste Pick up by local agent Non-Recyclable waste Sorting to remove contaminants Sorting is majorly done by the use of recycling sorting line (RSL) in the recycle bank. The recycling sorting line sorts out the recyclable materials gotten from home into different recyclable materials(like paper, plastic, plastic, cans) and are then sold to different recyclers. The recycling sorting line can be fully or partially automated or can involve manual sorting. In the automated system the RSL separates the recyclables in terms of their density, size, and chemical composition it uses specific properties of separation equipment (like , trommels, density sorters, and magnetic separators) to separate the recyclables into different categories. The combination of both manual sorting and the automated sorting give a very high efficiency sorting system. Trommels : this separation equipment is being made up of different screen hole sizes at the outer part of the equipment. The screen size gets larger as the through the length of the screen allowing the recyclables be separated according to size. Density sorters: this separation equipments used density of the recyclables for d separation process by the use of air knife which produces controlled air stream with a specific velocity so as to blow the lighter recyclables like plastic, cans or paper into a collection chamber depending on the air stream velocity. Magnetic separators : This is majorly the use of eddy current as a means of separating of ferrous metals like   aluminium which are being lifted away from the recyclable mixtures. Conveyer belt: this is mainly used during manual sorting, where the recyclables materials moves through the conveyer belt and it is being manually sorted through hand picking by workers. (www.p2sustainabilitylibrary.mil/p2/7_III_8) After sorting they are then baled and being sold to the very recycler for the recycling of their various components. The baled waste paper are then taken to the paper mill for the recycling. Re-pulping The baled paper waste are then slide into different sizes and then transfer in a pulper for it to get mixed with water and chemical. Contained in the pulper is a mixture of water and dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent{1}. The water being used IN this mixture is being   optimized to get a tetrahedral lattice of natural hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen angles through the rearrangement of its hydrogen bonding system. Due to the aptimization of the water components the water structure develops properties of smaller cluster pattern, lower surface tension, increased dissolving powers, higher carrying efficiency, microbiological stability and greater reactivity(1) which determines the characterises of the final pulp being produced. Mixing of this water optimized water with dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent would produce an aqueous solution of dipolar aprotic protophylic solvent. The aqueous solution is then mixed in the paper waste in the pupler until a  stereochemical alterations occurs with the waste paper which cause a full repulping of the paper waste. The aqueous solution is then drained away from the pulper after the completion of the process and the prodced pulp from the paper waste is removed out of the pulper afterways. The repulping of the paper waste forms a pulp(i.e the paper waste then forms a pulp). A pulper is majorly a mixing tank which contain a pulp feeder(which is used to feed the waste paper, water and the chemical into d pulper), turbine impeller , a mixer (which is being driven by a motor to ensure proper mixing), sieve plates ( to ensure that no undiluted particule leaves the pupler) (http://www.lenzing.com/technik/en/fiberandpulptechnology/2085.jsp) Filtering After the pulp has being extracted from the pulper its then being filtered and cleaned so as to remove impurities (like waxy coatings, heavy inks, non wood-based fillers, glue,ink) present in the pulp. Screening is the major process involved here, which involoves the use of sieves of different sizes together with centrifugal cleaning system are being used. Sieved sizes screens are being arrangement in parallel at forming different layer of stages. The pulp is then being passed through the sieves which would filter of the unwanted imputires thereby producing the pure required pulp needed. De-Inking This is majorly the removal of printed ink from the paper fibers by the use of soapy chemicals which involves both mechanical and chemical process. The chemical and mechanical process are mostly called flotation and wash deinking. Flotation process involves the transfer of the pulp into the froth flotation cell in which the sopy chemical is then added in the cell. The froth flotation cell mostly operate 45 550c. Air is then blowed through the pulp thereby causing the air to get attached to the ink present in the pulp and then its being left up away from the pulp and suspend at the top of the chemical .the flotation cell consist of two cylindrical flotation cell with both have an overflow forth launder and hexagonal in shape an inlet and discharge box attached to the cell.

The Behavior of Cult Leaders and Members Explained by using Psychologic

This essay will examine and describe the behavior of cult leaders and cult members by using and applying psychological principles. I will specifically highlight the behavior of Jim Jones and his followers and explain what factors that caused them to believe wholeheartedly in the doctrine of Jim Jones. I will also explain what psychological tactics were used to influence his believers to be participants in mass suicide and the psychological factors that contributed to the belief that this was their only option. What is a cult? According to (Pratkanis & Aronson, 2001,p.307) the term cult is used to described to describe a pattern of social relations within a group† and that cults can be â€Å"centered on a range of issues, including race, politics, therapy, self-help as well as spirituality and religion.† Another distinctive feature of cults or new religious moments are that they have â€Å"distinctive religious rituals and beliefs related to its god or a person, they also practice isolation from the surrounding culture and have a charismatic leader† (Myers, 2011, p.197). Cults are by no means new phenomena; they have been around since before the beginning of written history. Some of the earliest cults were recorded by the ancient Mesopotamian, Greek and Egyptian civilizations. There were also early Christian cults, such as the Essenes and the Gnostics. There are also the examples of modern cults, such as The Children of God, Heaven’s Gate and the Branch Davidians. In addition to cults, there are also modern new age organizations and movements. These groups tread a fine line between being an authentic religious organization and have some of the same characteristics of being a cult. In these types of organizations; it is often di... ...al psychological principals for his own purposes. I firmly believe that in the very end Jones used the power of informational social influence to gain obedience and conformity. This was the decisive factor that caused his followers to drink the cyanide laced Kool- aide and commit what Jones called a â€Å"revolutionary suicide.† Works Cited The Ford Foundation. (96-10). PBS,The American Experience . Jonestown the Life and Death of Peoples Temple. Retrieved 4/6/2012, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/jonestown-california/. Myers, D. G. (2002). Exploring psychology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Myers, D. G. (2012). Exploring social psychology (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Pratkanis, A. (2002). Age of propaganda: the everyday use and abuse of persuasion. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Rhetorical Analysis †“Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior” Essay

Parenting is always a debatable topic in America. Every person has an opinion on how a child should be raised and disciplined. In Amy Chua’s â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior† (an excerpt from Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother), Chua explains Chinese parenting and how it is effective in her life. She claims that by breaking down a child and pushing them to their full potential, the child will, in turn, be confident and incredibly successful. Through the use of several rhetorical devices, Chua supports, as well as weakens, her claim and expresses a different, controversial way of parenting. An important element in Chua’s argument is her ethos. She is clearly an intellectual individual, given that she is a professor at Yale University. Putting aside her credentials, this essay brings forth a distinct character. From the start, she identifies herself as a tough and strict â€Å"Chinese mother†. Throughout the piece she uses several personal experiences that support this assertion. The reader recognizes a sense of confidence from Chua as she repeatedly contrasts Western-parenting ideals from Chinese-parenting ideals. As far as her credibility as an author, it is questionable. She writes, â€Å" Chinese parents believe that their kids owe them everything. The reason for this is a little unclear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her credibility begins to slip when she uses the word â€Å"unclear†. This statement suggests that she does not even know herself why she is parenting the way she is parenting. It also presents a perfect opportunity for opposing people to make an argument against Chua’s style of parenting. Another instance where Chua’s credibility becomes uncertain is when she writes of mimicking her husband when he intervenes in a dispute between her and their daughter. It shows that she is unwilling to listen to the other side of her argument and has this my-way-or-the-highway complex—which is not necessarily an attractive outlook to have. It seems that an author who is open to looking at both sides of an  argument is a more respectable author. Chua’s use of pathos is particularly insensitive. She uses it more to take a jab at Western culture rather than to make an appeal on either side. Several times Chua makes up these hypothetical scenarios and discusses what Western parents would do and then what Chinese parents would do. Her idea of how Western parents react is seemingly dead on but there is a sarcastic tone about it. What is really interesting about her emotional appeal is that she quotes her husband who opposes one aspect of her argument. He says, â€Å"Children don’t choose their parents†¦so it’s the parents’ responsibility to provide for them,† which is an appeal to Western parents. She immediately shuts his argument down but fails to explain why it is â€Å"a terrible deal for the Western parent.† This only weakens her claim because, again, she is not being open-minded. In the end, Chua makes a very general appeal by saying, â€Å"All decent parents want to do whatâ €™s best for their children.† It is confusing because this statement somewhat qualifies her claim. First, she refutes Western parenting, then, comes back to say that Western and Chinese parents are all one in the same in the way that they care for their children. Chua’s motive is unclear. Beyond Chua’s strong opinions, she utilizes statistics and facts in her argument. The statistics at the beginning of the piece describe percentages of Western and Chinese mothers who agreed that â€Å"‘stressing academic success is not good for children’ or that ‘parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun.’† The outcome showed that 0% of Chinese mothers agreed and they, instead, valued the idea of successful children resulting from successful parenting. These types of statistics definitely support Chua’s â€Å"Chinese mother† persona. The statistics also supported her claim of how much time Chinese parents put into helping their children make academic achievements. It is difficult to argue with facts and data, however, Chua does not cite the sources of this data. For all the reader knows, she could have made it up. It may be a more functional logical appeal if the studies she quotes were from a well-known and respected s ource. Chua’s choice of diction reflects possible exaggeration on Chua’s behalf and  confusion for the reader. It makes sense to exaggerate in order to stress the point she is trying to make but it also triggers the reader to doubt and question, which does not help her cause. Referring to her daughter, she writes, â€Å"calling her garbage†¦when she acted extremely disrespectfully toward me.† The idea of someone acting â€Å"extremely disrespectfully† varies from person to person. It is very biased statement. There is no way to interpret how her daughter was really acting. Already having examples of Chua’s ethos from this piece, it is practical to assume she is exaggerating. Chua’s diction is also troubling, especially when she writes, â€Å"All decent parents want to do what’s best for their children.† What are â€Å"decent parents† and what is â€Å"best† for any child? She does not elaborate on these key terms. It is the beginning of an argument on definition. Like in the case of Chua’s exaggeration, there is no way to determine what qualities a good parent has. There is no way for every parent to agree on a list of things that are best for children. Another technique the author uses to get her point across is repetition. Numerous times throughout her essay Chua repeats two words at the beginning of a sentence, â€Å"By contrast†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She is making it very clear that there are differences between Western parents and Chinese parents. This is effective because the reader is constantly reminded that these two types of parents are not comparable in Chua’s mind. There is also a bit of repetition in terms of actions of the author. It seems like there is a cycle of Chinese parenting in her life. She raised her daughters the way her parents raised her. Chua’s father called her â€Å"garbage† when she acted inappropriate and Chua called her daughter â€Å"garbage† when she acted inappropriate. This cycle of Chinese parenting indicates that Chinese culture is unchanging or very hard to change. Overall, through repetition, the reader gets a good sense of contrasting cultures. The intended audience for this argument is an element worth discussing. Chua was most likely aiming this piece specifically at Western parents. The argument is definitely eye-catching to any parent and is compelling enough to spark disagreement. Chua seems to want that reaction because the purpose of her essay was to contrast Chinese parenting and Western parenting and  explain how Chinese parenting is more effective—in her opinion. It almost seems as though she wants to rub it in the faces of Western parents, maybe even spark guilt. The effect she wants to have on her audience may be for them think about her claim and reevaluate their methods of parenting. As mentioned before, Chua claims that by criticizing a child and hammering academic success into his or her brain the child will grow to become a prosperous and confident person. Her purpose gets through to the audience but does not necessarily persuade them. She utilizes rhetorical devices that both support and weaken her argument. Chua’s lifestyle is a result of how she was raised. In a sense, her piece is a great lesson for Western cultures about Chinese culture. Chua may or may not effectively explain why Chinese mothers are superior but, ultimately, she conveys a unique, if not totally outrageous, idea of parenting directed at the average Western parents.

Magnatune essays

Magnatune essays Record producer is a loosely defined term that (in my opinion) could reach from As to managers and essentially means any person responsible for completing a master recording so that it is fit for release. He/she controls the recording sessions, coaches and guides the performers, and supervises or takes part in the mixing process. How a producer makes money depends on the relationship he/she has with the artist and or record label. An executive producer typically invests in a project and in return receives royalties from future sales. Other producers like musician producers might receive money upfront as well as royalties from future sales of an album. The way Magnatune is set up may pose some problems for record producers. First Magnatune cuts out the middle man (record label) which puts everything in the hands of the artist. Thats not entirely good for producers. While they stand to make more if they are working from a percentage stand point now its up to the artist to keep track of the books and pay the producers whatever monies is owed to them from the sales if any. Not everyone is cut out for the business side of the music industry and most artists want nothing to do with it. Also the temptation factor is too much. If you could say that you havent sold anything meanwhile youve been selling music through downloads it adds another chance that not all parties involved will get their fair share. Without the labels a lot of the big recording budget money that the producers used to illegally pocket is also gone. Since Magnatune is catering to the independent artist there are no big budget productions. Magnatude is going to slowly k ill the record producer. Its purpose is to put the music back in the hands of the artist. So one of the side effects is the record producer must die. With all the music being made at home or in project studios very little will ever enlist the help of a producer. Its not ...

Free Essays on Business Communication

The management process is a diverse field that involves mutual understanding and desired objectives among all parties. The movie â€Å"Pretty Woman† is a good example of two parties trying to accomplish these goals. (1) â€Å"Pretty Woman† is about a high-powered businessman who initially hires a prostitute for personal favors. Eventually, this relationship leads to a business proposition. The businessman, Edward Lewis, decides to hire a prostitute, Vivian, as an employee. Vivian’s job is to accompany Edward to business events, meetings and outings. Their relationship intends to have mutual benefits between employer and employee. Edward Lewis is gaining a valuable employee to help his business ventures and Vivian is receiving monetary compensation and a valuable experience. All events, transactions and communications regarding Vivian’s employment take place between the two parties involved. (1) The business relationship founded between the two characters has its positive attributes but there are specific problems that do arise in the movie. One of the problems in the movie takes place in a social business setting where communication barriers place undue stress and anger on both characters. In this scene, Vivian accompanies Edward to a business event as his employee but Edward tells his lawyer that Vivian was initially hired as a prostitute. Vivian realizes this information was disclosed when Edward’s lawyer makes unwanted advances towards her. Vivian becomes angry, upset and irritated. This situation clearly shows that communication was not effective between the employer and the employee. (1) Effective communication is when â€Å"the intended meaning of the source and perceived meaning of the receiver are identical.† (3, p. 206) It is obvious that Edward did not receive information from Vivian correctly. Vivian did not want anyone to know the circumstances i n which she was hired because it made her feel cheap and embarrassed. She ... Free Essays on Business Communication Free Essays on Business Communication _Unemployment and it's effects _ By: Felix Hernandez Unemployment Ever think about what happens to people when they loose their job? Where do they go? What do they do? How do they provide for their family? These are everyday facts about unemployment, one of the largest measuring sticks for an economy. Unemployment is an important facet of every economy. Although it may seem logical to keep unemployment rates as low as possible, that is not the case. If unemployment rates drop to far down, this may lead to inflation. The reason being that if there is a low unemployment rate then there will be a shortage of skilled workers, thus pushing employers to raise wages and benefits which will in turn raise pricesOver the years, there have been really high highs and really low lows when it comes to unemployment. Currently the unemployment rate is at it’s lowest in twenty five years. The booming economy has helped drop the unemployment rate to below four percent, which is the lowest since 1970. These low rates have been caused by many factors. Some of which include growth in the industrial output of the United States, a booming stock market, and some natural elements such as recent hurricanesIn order to asses the affects of these different factors on the unemployment rates, economists must have some type of system to estimate the unemployment rate. One major system that is used deals with the number of â€Å"help wanted† ads that are published. This process is a compilation of the number of help wanted ads that are measured in fifty-one major newspapers across the United States. These counts are then converted into an unemployment percentage through the use of an indexIt is no secret that the goal of every country is to have a productive and stable economy. One which will allow it’s people to function and operate effectively. Currently in the United States, the economy is booming. This boom in the economy has lead to a ... Free Essays on Business Communication The management process is a diverse field that involves mutual understanding and desired objectives among all parties. The movie â€Å"Pretty Woman† is a good example of two parties trying to accomplish these goals. (1) â€Å"Pretty Woman† is about a high-powered businessman who initially hires a prostitute for personal favors. Eventually, this relationship leads to a business proposition. The businessman, Edward Lewis, decides to hire a prostitute, Vivian, as an employee. Vivian’s job is to accompany Edward to business events, meetings and outings. Their relationship intends to have mutual benefits between employer and employee. Edward Lewis is gaining a valuable employee to help his business ventures and Vivian is receiving monetary compensation and a valuable experience. All events, transactions and communications regarding Vivian’s employment take place between the two parties involved. (1) The business relationship founded between the two characters has its positive attributes but there are specific problems that do arise in the movie. One of the problems in the movie takes place in a social business setting where communication barriers place undue stress and anger on both characters. In this scene, Vivian accompanies Edward to a business event as his employee but Edward tells his lawyer that Vivian was initially hired as a prostitute. Vivian realizes this information was disclosed when Edward’s lawyer makes unwanted advances towards her. Vivian becomes angry, upset and irritated. This situation clearly shows that communication was not effective between the employer and the employee. (1) Effective communication is when â€Å"the intended meaning of the source and perceived meaning of the receiver are identical.† (3, p. 206) It is obvious that Edward did not receive information from Vivian correctly. Vivian did not want anyone to know the circumstances i n which she was hired because it made her feel cheap and embarrassed. She ...

Does Global Marketing Exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Does Global Marketing Exist - Essay Example The best thing is that the benefits and disadvantages are determined even before the organization goes the global way and thus it saves itself from embarrassment which it might face without having proper knowledge and adequate research within it. The significant thing here is to get prepared and be ready for what is to come in the future as concerns to the organization that one is talking about here. The ways and means that are usually taken care of whilst managing a business are aplenty and it is only up to the top management within a company that the same can be handled in a several different methods. They are the ones to decide as to what is the real manner in which the firm’s operations would be handled as well as who will head the respective departments, lead the business strategic units and act as legal and media representatives of the said business. The business, as marketers say, exists to satisfy its target audience through fulfilling a need courtesy its products and/or services or a combination of the both, the same being true in case of a retail outlet which sells gasoline to local consumers, thus giving in petrol plus extra services in the form of window cleaning, fuel gauge checks and so on and so forth. A company or an organization needs sound management framework at its top so that the staff and the employees working at different levels feel at ease with th e job as well as the working environment. This indeed is very important as it builds long-term credibility of the organization that it cares about its employees and not just the customers and in cases profits and revenues only. (Knight, 2004) A formal organization takes into account the role of leadership at the top and the manner in which this leadership is basically carried about, both in the interests of the people within the company as well as the company itself so that the end result is one on which everyone solemnly agree,

Action Research Proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Action Research Proposal - Thesis Example Content analysis will be used for analysing data that is going to be obtained from the study. There is a lot of information on Instructional Rounds about how to do them, prepare them and the reasoning behind them. However, there is little information that gets directly back to the teacher. It is because of this, I find it necessary to conduct research in order to establish how instructional rounds directly influence instruction in the class room. In this study, I will specifically focus on the teachers since some of them are stuck in their old ways, refusing to try new approaches while others are willing to give a try to anything new. However, most teachers fall between the two categories and this is the reason why this study seeks to investigate the measures that can be taken to implement instructional rounds in order to improve instructional competencies in teaching students from different backgrounds. The study will also investigate how instructional rounds in teaching can enhance the teaching profession in different contexts. The study will mainly focus on Union Groove Middle School which has a current enrolment of 876 with a composition of 416 males and 460 females. The ethnicity composition of the students is as follows: White (325), Pacific Islander (10), Black (224), Asian (45), Indian (6) and Hispanic (200). The number of students with 504 plans stands at 82, and the number of at risk students is 224. The total number of students in special education is 85. The composition of the total population of the students is ideal for conducting a study about the effectiveness since it is comprised of six ethnic groups as mentioned above. Usually, teaching students from diverse ethnic backgrounds can be challenging since these people have different levels of understanding by virtue of their experiences. Elements such as language and cultural differences also contribute to the level of understanding of the students in as far as

Contemporary Management Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contemporary Management Problem - Essay Example Organizational sustainability depends on efficiency of management team. The organization is not a mere set of employees or top management. Organizational sustainability depends on synchronization between top level management, middle level management and lower level management. Business management helps to integrate functions of each department to increase the efficiency of service delivery. Business management plays a cordial role to solve critical organizational issues (labour related problem, irregular trade practices, employee disruption, maintaining transparency between each department’s works, designing vision and mission statement and maintaining a stable organizational hierarchy). Many companies use Business Crisis Management (BCM) and Continuity Management (CM) to identify and solve business related problems. Centrality of management functions revolves around few departments of the organizations. Various departments (like production, marketing, finance, operation) play pivotal role to decide the dynamics of business management. Business management plays important role in solving people related issues of management. Many organizations have failed due to poor performance of top level management in last few years. ... Learning organization concept has been used by many management research scholars to distinguish between successful and failed organizations. Learning organization can be described in the following manner. The organization gives importance on acquiring or creating and transferring information and knowledge (Porth and McCall, n.d.). Four key things are important for a learning organization. They are- 1-problem solving in an ethical and systemic manner, 2- encouraging new thoughts or process to change the management functions, trying to learn from past mistakes committed by other organizations, 3- trying to maintain equilibrium between good business practise by other organizations and self evaluation, 4- maintaining transparent communication dynamics across the organization. Free flowing communication model helps to spread the knowledge across every department of organization (Garvin, 1993, p. 81). Many organizations failed to maintain a steady business policy to create a sustainable or ganizational structure. Various management problems are explained in the following section. Organisational structure (problems regarding management hierarchy, board members are not very clear about their responsibilities, lack of communication between different functional departments). Leadership (organization is running without any mission and vision statement, organization is managing business without any long term objectives). Motivation (lack of motivation among employees to perform a particular task, lack of support from the top level management creates communication gap between them and employees). Business ethics (many companies fail to maintain fair business

Infinite Truth Essay Example for Free

Infinite Truth Essay Since the dawn of philosophical thought there has been a desire to find truth. Now exactly what truth is depends upon whom you ask. Philosophers have been searching for truth in various forms for at least as far back as Aristotle in the first century B. C. all the way up to Carl Hempel in the 20th century A. D. To Aristotle and Plato truth was reality; To Descartes truth was found in God; To Hempel truth was found in explanation. None of these are accurate and yet all of them point toward the same truth. Reality, as defined by Plato and Aristotle, God, as proved be Descartes and ideal explanation as modeled by Hempel, all allude to the same thing. They point out that mankind is a finite being and that truth is only attainable in infinite understanding, an impossibility of man at our current stage of development. Two of the earliest known men to approach the study of reality, or metaphysics were Plato and his student/rival Aristotle. These two inquisitors of reality looked at it from opposite schools of thought. Plato sought after answers by looking at the world with an outside/in point of view. Meaning he used what he perceived in the world to draw conclusions. Aristotle on the other hand approached the world from an inside/out perspective. He applied his thoughts and beliefs to the world. Aristotles beliefs lead to him seeing only one level of reality. He felt there was only one imminent world and that forms existed within particular things. Aristotle held that form had no solitary existence and existed in matter. In order to explain that form is an inherent trait of matter he quotes Antiphon and points out that if you planted a bed and the rotting wood acquired the power of sending up a shoot, it would not be a bed that came up, but wood. (Matthews, pg. 9) To Aristotle the form of the matter was wood and form is the unchanging reality. Platos view of metaphysics shows two realms to our reality: there is the realm of changing, sense-perceptible, becoming things and a realm of forms; eternal, fixed, and perfect. The realm of form was the source of all reality and of all true knowledge. Both Plato and Aristotle use form to describe reality, which to them is truth, as being eternal in nature. So truth is eternal, or infinite in nature, but what of Platos other realm, the realm of perception. Plato, in the republic, gives an in depth explanation of how he views this sense-perceptible realm. He uses his allegory of the cave. In the allegory, Plato compares people, unlearned in his theory of forms, to prisoners chained in a cave. They are unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave and behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. The prisoners are unable to see these puppets, the real objects that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. Such prisoners would mistake appearance for reality. They would think the things they see on the wall were real. They would know nothing of the real causes of the shadows. So if the prisoners were to talk to one another about a passing object and called it a doll they would think they are talking about a doll, but they are really talking about a shadow. (Plato, Book VII) Plato portrays in his allegory of the cave a dualistic view of truth. He speaks of the eternal properties of form as Aristotle does, but he also adds his insight into mankinds finitude and inability to perceive the realm of forms completely. The fact that people take as truth what they perceive will plague philosophers into the modern era. Much later, in the 17th century A. D., in his Third Meditation Descartes proves the existence of God. He builds his entire argument upon his proof in the previous meditation that in order for him to think, he must exist. From this single observation, Descartes notices that the idea of his existence is very clear and distinct in his mind; based upon this clarity and the fact that he has just determined his own existence, he deduces a rule. All the things that he sees as very clear and very distinct are all true. He then explains that he knows that he is imperfect due to the fact that he has doubts. Clearly, knowing is more perfect than doubting. From this notion, he realizes that within him lies this idea of a perfect being and that he is incapable of producing this idea alone. Descartes also determines several qualities that God possesses merely by observing himself. Descartes thought that whatever ideas he himself had, if they contained perfections, then God would possess them. If the ideas were in any way imperfect, then God would not possess them. The attributes of God that Descartes came up with are that He is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created myself and everything else (Descartes, Pg.45). Descartes then makes the point that he has the idea of infinite describing God. At the same time, Descartes is a finite being. Since it has already been established that this more perfect idea of infiniteness cannot come from the less perfect idea of finiteness, the idea could not have originated from Descartes alone. Therefore, Descartes concludes that God necessarily exists and in so doing is infinite. In his Principles on Philosophy Descartes describes how God is the primary cause of motion; and that he always maintains an equal quantity of it in the universe. (Matthews, pg. 99) To Descartes God is the infinite cause and balance in the universe. Descartes states in the beginning of his proof that all things clear and distinct are true. That is no more accurate than saying that all ideas that are ambiguous to someone are unconditionally untrue. He also states, the existence of God depends on the clarity and distinctness with which we perceive the idea of God. Therefore, if to me, it was not clear and distinct then it would not necessarily be true. But the clarity and distinctness of our thoughts depends on the existence of God. This seems to be a very circular argument and is dependent on the existence of God to prove the existence of God. Again human perception falls short of truth. Do people understand truth more in more modern settings? Over the course of the 20th century Carl Hempel came up with two models of human explanation that he organized as ideals. Bas Van Fraassen puts forth a few problems with the models. The problems he states are; asymmetry, relevance, low probability, and legality. These are not the problems with the models. The real problems come from, as Hempel puts it, the universal laws invoked?can have only been established on the basis of a finite body of evidence, which surely affords no exhaustive verification. (Balashov, pg. 51) He also says that because of this all the laws used in the deductive-nomological method of explanation are all only probabilistic. This means that the only method that Hempel actually explains is his probabilistic method. Since all laws have been shown to be probabilistic the problem falls back to the fact that they been established on the basis of a finite body of evidence and therefore causes an epistemological problem. We cant define to what degree our laws are true. We cant know the probability of these laws on an infinite scale. Hempels models should be taken as models for ideal situations, for if we had the knowledge of infinity then the laws needed would be defined and all of the infinite variables could be accounted for. So true explanation can only be attained with infinite understanding. The search for truth is as old as man himself. The world in which we live seems as true to us as anything. We see, feel, smell and touch what is around us and yet we cannot accept that that is all there is. Man instinctively has a need to organize, order and explain the universe. We have concepts like reality, God and perfection, all of which we cannot completely grasp. We are not perfect and we are not sure what it means to be real, for we know only what we can sense and yet we know our senses can fool us or be wrong. If our senses and thoughts are the only way for us to interpret the universe and they can be fooled then we cannot know what is real. We cannot fully explain anything. And yet we have a need, a desire for a force that is infinite and true. We name that force God. For in God is explanation and truth and the infinite understanding that we lack. God is what we use to explain Platos form and we are the shackled prisoners in a cave of illusion. Work Cited Balashov, Yuri and Rosenberg, Alex. Philosophy of Science: Contemporary Readings. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. NY  ©2002 Descartes. God and Human Nature: Third Meditation Matthews, Michael. The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy. Hackett Publishing Co. Indianapolis  ©1989 only probabilistic. This means that the only method that Hempel actually explains is his probabilistic method. Since all laws have been shown to be probabilistic the problem falls back to the fact that they been established on the basis of a finite body of evidence and therefore causes an epistemological problem. We cant define to what degree our laws are true. We cant know the probability of these laws on an infinite scale. Hempels models should be taken as models for ideal situations, for if we had the knowledge of infinity then the laws needed would be defined and all of the infinite variables could be accounted for. So true explanation can only be attained with infinite understanding. The search for truth is as old as man himself. The world in which we live seems as true to us as anything. We see, feel, smell and touch what is around us and yet we cannot accept that that is all there is. Man instinctively has a need to organize, order and explain the universe. We have concepts like reality, God and perfection, all of which we cannot completely grasp. We are not perfect and we are not sure what it means to be real, for we know only what we can sense and yet we know our senses can fool us or be wrong. If our senses and thoughts are the only way for us to interpret the universe and they can be fooled then we cannot know what is real. We cannot fully explain anything. And yet we have a need, a desire for a force that is infinite and true. We name that force God. For in God is explanation and truth and the infinite understanding that we lack. God is what we use to explain Platos form and we are the shackled prisoners in a cave of illusion. Work Cited Balashov, Yuri and Rosenberg, Alex. Philosophy of Science: Contemporary Readings. Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group. NY  ©2002 Descartes. God and Human Nature: Third Meditation Matthews, Michael. The Scientific Background to Modern Philosophy. Hackett Publishing Co. Indianapolis  ©1989.